Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov ntawm diodes hauv kev phais navigators?

Ib, Photodiode: Lub "Perception Neural" rau Lub Tsev Kho Qhov Muag Pom Zoo
1. ntawm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev phais navigator yog txhawm rau taug qab txoj haujlwm spatial ntawm cov cuab yeej phais hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag -, uas tso siab rau kev paub meej ntawm cov ntsiab lus cim los ntawm qhov chaw kho qhov muag. Photodiode, raws li lub hauv paus sensor ntawm lub system, converts reflected light signals rau hauv hluav taws xob signals los ntawm lub photoelectric nyhuv, muab spatial coordinate cov ntaub ntawv rau lub navigation system.

Kev txais lub teeb liab hauv passive reflection nrhiav tshuab
Hauv cov txheej txheem taug qab passive raws li lub teeb -emitting diodes (LEDs) lossis cov khoom cuam tshuam, photodiode array tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv lub koob yees duab infrared kom tau txais cov teeb liab teeb tawm los ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm cov cuab yeej phais. Piv txwv li, Stryker's active optical navigation system txais peb pab pawg neeg tsim qauv, uas ntes ntau lub kaum sab xis pom lub teeb los ntawm photodiodes thiab txhim kho qhov tseeb qhov chaw rau 0.3 hli. Qhov kev tsim no zoo daws qhov teeb meem qhov muag tsis pom kev ntawm cov tsoos dual ntes tshuab los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua cov duab ntawm photodiodes thiab teeb liab ua algorithms.

2. Real time calibration of dynamic reference frame
Kev txav me ntsis ntawm tus neeg mob txoj hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm phais yuav ua rau navigation yuam kev, yog li nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis tu ncua calibrate lub spatial coordinates los ntawm ib tug dynamic siv ncej. Photodiodes ua si ob lub luag haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem no: ua ntej, raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv siv, lawv ua tiav txoj haujlwm taug qab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb ntawm lub teeb infrared; Thib ob, raws li cov khoom siv kuaj pom, nws saib xyuas cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb siv hauv thaj chaw phais thiab pab lub kaw lus hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub so ntswg deformation. Piv txwv li, tus excelim-04 neurosurgical navigation system tsim los ntawm Fudan University ua tiav tiag- lub sij hawm them nyiaj rau lub hlwb hloov chaw thaum lub sij hawm phais los ntawm embedded high-sensitivity photodiodes nyob rau hauv lub reference ncej.

3. Teeb liab synchronization rau multimodal duab fusion
Niaj hnub nimno phais navigators txhawb cov fusion zaub ntawm CT, MRI, thiab intraoperative X-ray duab, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug photodiode array synchronously sau qhov projection signals los ntawm txawv modalities ntawm cov duab. Los ntawm kev kho cov lus teb wavelength thiab bandwidth ntawm lub photodiode, lub kaw lus muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm X-ray fluorescence signals los ntawm C- caj npab thiab pom lub teeb daim ntawv lo cim, kom ntseeg tau tias spatiotemporal sib xws ntawm 3D reconstruction qauv. Piv txwv li, lub portable intelligent navigation system qhia los ntawm Peking Union Medical College Tsev Kho Mob siv kho qhov muag photodiode modules kom luv lub multi- hom duab sau lub sij hawm los ntawm 120 vib nas this ntawm ib txwm siv rau 15 vib nas this.

2, Lub Teeb Emitting Diodes: Tsim "Visual Engine" rau High Precision Navigation
Raws li lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej siv kev phais, lub teeb -emitting diodes (LEDs) muab cov teeb pom kev ruaj khov thiab tswj tau, tso lub hauv paus rau qhov chaw kho qhov muag thiab tau txais cov duab. Nws daim ntawv thov scenarios npog peb thaj chaw loj: lub teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev hauv kev phais, thiab kev tsom xam spectral.

1. Wavelength optimization ntawm marker point illumination
Hauv cov txheej txheem taug qab passive, LEDs yuav tsum tau tso tawm cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb ntawm lub teeb infrared (feem ntau 850nm lossis 940nm) kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog pawg kws phais neeg saib xyuas. Stryker's navigation system siv lub nqaim nqaim LED array, uas yog tswj hwm lub teeb siv hluav taws xob kom tswj tau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cim qhia hauv cov keeb kwm nyuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tshuab pulse modulation ntawm LED tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, xws li nce lub teeb liab - rau - suab nrov piv rau ntau dua 40dB txog 1kHz square wave modulation.

2. Spectral tsim ntawm phais teb illumination
Cov cuab yeej kev phais kev phais yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo los muab cov kws kho mob pom kev ua haujlwm kom pom tseeb. LEDs tau ua kom pom qhov zoo ntawm daim teb no: ua ntej, los ntawm kev sib txuas ntau cov chips, xim kub tuaj yeem hloov kho (4000K-6000K) kom phim cov xim rendering xav tau ntawm ntau hom ntaub so ntswg; Qhov thib ob, kev siv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thib ob (xws li lub lens array thiab lub khob tsom iav) tuaj yeem ua rau lub teeb pom kev zoo siv ntau dua 85%, txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thermal tawg ntawm thaj chaw phais. Piv txwv li, S8 orthopedic navigation system qhia los ntawm Thawj Tib Neeg Lub Tsev Kho Mob Nantong City muaj lub teeb pom kev phais LED uas tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov teeb pom kev ntawm 160000 lux ntawm kev ua haujlwm deb ntawm 40cm, thaum qhov kub thiab txias tsuas yog nce los ntawm 2.3 degree.

3. Wavelength extension rau spectral tsom xam
Qee qhov siab -kawg navigation systems sib koom ua ke tiag tiag- lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsom xam lub luag haujlwm, emitting lub wavelengths ntawm lub teeb los ntawm LEDs (xws li 540nm ntsuab teeb rau kev kuaj ntshav oxygen thiab 630nm liab lub teeb rau cov ntshav ntws imaging), thiab siv photodiodes kom tau txais kev cuam tshuam spectra kom ua tiav intraoperative physiological parameter. Kev kho mob qib LED module tsim los ntawm Shihua High Tech Semiconductor muab kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb rau kev phais mob hlwb thiab kev phais plawv los ntawm kev tswj cov wavelength kom raug (Δλ Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5nm) kom ua tiav cov ntshav oxygen saturation ntsuas qhov yuam kev tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2%.

3, Tshwj xeeb diode: ib qho cuab yeej tshiab los ua txhaum ntawm kev siv tshuab raj
Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj photodiodes thiab LEDs, cov diodes tshwj xeeb xws li avalanche diodes (APD) thiab laser diodes (LD) tau qhia txog cov ntawv thov hauv kev phais kev phais.

1. Avalanche diode: txhim kho lub teeb pom kev tsis pom kev zoo
Hauv kev phais sib sib zog nqus (xws li kev kho scoliosis), lub teeb pom kev pom lub teeb ntawm qhov taw tes yuav ua rau qaug zog vim cov ntaub so ntswg attenuation. Avalanche diodes amplify lub photocurrent los ntawm 100-1000 lub sij hawm los ntawm lub avalanche multiplication nyhuv ntawm cov cab kuj nyob rau hauv tus nqi, ho txhim khu lub cev muaj peev xwm mus ntes tsis muaj zog lub teeb. Piv txwv li, Zeiss CALLISTO qhov muag navigation system siv APD array los txuas ntxiv qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub pob ntseg thaj chaw los ntawm 30cm hauv ib txwm siv rau 60cm.

2. Laser diode: ua tiav siab - qhov ntsuas qhov deb
Laser diodes (LDs) tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv tob rau kev phais navigators los ntawm emitting nqaim linewidth laser beams thiab muab lawv nrog lub sij hawm- ntawm- ya davhlau (ToF) los yog theem sib txawv ntawm cov qauv. LD navigation module qhia los ntawm Zhuhai Ximalin Sunchao Qhov Muag Tsev Kho Mob tswj qhov yuam kev ntawm phacoemulsification koob rau kev phais mob cataract nyob rau hauv ± 0.05mm los ntawm kev ntsuas lub sij hawm sib txawv ntawm laser emission thiab reflection txais (nrog rau qhov tseeb ntawm 0.1ps).

3. Zener diode: xyuas kom ruaj ntseg system
Kev phais navigation pab kiag li lawm yuav tsum muaj zog heev stability, thiab voltage fluctuations yuav ua rau cov duab drift los yog positioning tsis ua hauj lwm. Zener diodes stabilize lub input voltage ntawm tus nqi preset (xws li 5V ± 0.1V) los ntawm cov yam ntxwv rov qab, muab cov kev ua haujlwm txhim khu kev qha rau photodiode arrays thiab cov duab ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, Angelplan-CAS-1000 neurosurgery navigation system tau txais ntau theem kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob tsim, uas ua rau lub kaw lus tswj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm 0.5 hli txawm tias qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hloov pauv los ntawm ± 20%.