Transistor yog dab tsi thiab nws hom?

Basic tswvyim ntawm transistors
Transistor, tseem hu ua semiconductor transistor, yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob ua los ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor xws li silicon thiab germanium. Nws qhov tshwm sim yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub xeev, txhawb nqa kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab kev txhim kho kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub hauv paus qauv ntawm ib tug transistor muaj peb lub ntsiab cheeb tsam: emitter, puag, thiab collector. Los ntawm kev tswj cov tam sim no lossis voltage ntawm lub hauv paus thiab emitter, kev tswj tau zoo ntawm qhov tam sim no ntawm lub collector thiab emitter tuaj yeem ua tiav, yog li ua tiav cov teeb liab amplification, hloov, thiab lwm yam haujlwm.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm transistors
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm transistors yog raws li PN hlws ris yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor. Hauv PN kev sib tshuam, vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab qhov, ib qho hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob tau tsim, uas tiv thaiv kev sib kis dawb ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv cov hluav taws xob sab nraud tsim nyog, lub xeev sib npaug tuaj yeem cuam tshuam, tso cai rau cov neeg nqa khoom thauj mus los ntawm PN kev sib tshuam thiab tsim ib qho tam sim no. Transistors siv cov yam ntxwv no kom ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm tam sim no los ntawm cheeb tsam emitting mus rau thaj tsam sau los ntawm kev tswj hwm thaj av tam sim no (lossis voltage). Tshwj xeeb, raws li lub hauv paus tam sim no nce, nws yuav nyiam ntau electrons los ntawm cheeb tsam emission nkag mus rau hauv lub hauv paus cheeb tsam, cia ntau electrons hla lub peev xwm barrier ntawm lub hauv paus cheeb tsam thiab lub collector cheeb tsam thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub collector cheeb tsam, tsim ib tug amplified collector tam sim no. . Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, thaum lub hauv paus tam sim no txo ​​qis, cov khoom siv tam sim no tseem yuav txo qis lossis txawm txiav tawm.
Lub ntsiab hom ntawm transistors
Raws li lawv cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm, cov transistors tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom, nrog rau feem ntau thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog bipolar transistors (BJTs) thiab field-effect transistors (FETs).
Tom ntej: Bipolar Transistor (BJT)
Bipolar transistor, tseem hu ua dual cab kuj transistor, yog hom ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm transistor invented thiab dav siv. Nws suav nrog ob hom qauv: NPN hom thiab PNP hom. Hauv BJT, qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov tam sim no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab rov ua dua ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom tsawg hauv cheeb tsam hauv paus. Thaum lub hauv paus tam sim no nce, nws txhawb kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm electrons los ntawm emitting cheeb tsam mus rau hauv lub hauv paus cheeb tsam thiab ua rau kom cov efficiency ntawm electron sau nyob rau hauv lub collecting cheeb tsam, yog li ua tiav tam sim no amplification. BJT muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov nce siab tam sim no thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo zaus, thiab tau siv dav hauv analog thiab digital circuits.
Field Effect Transistor (FET)
Field effect transistor yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tswj hluav taws xob semiconductor uas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv txoj cai sib txawv ntawm BJT. Hauv FET, qhov ntws ntawm cov khoom thauj hauv cov channel yog hloov kho los ntawm qhov chaw hluav taws xob tswj los ntawm lub rooj vag voltage. Raws li qhov sib txawv conductive raws, FETs tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: N-channel FETs thiab P-channel FETs; Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm lub rooj vag qauv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg xws li junction type FETs (JFETs) thiab hlau oxide semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs). MOSFETs tau siv dav hauv kev sib koom ua ke vim lawv cov kev tawm tswv yim siab impedance, suab nrov, thiab yooj yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov digital circuits niaj hnub xws li microprocessors thiab nco.
Ntxiv rau ob hom tseem ceeb uas tau hais los saum no, kuj tseem muaj qee yam tshwj xeeb ntawm transistors, xws li phototransistors, magnetotransistors, thiab lwm yam, uas siv cov nyhuv photoelectric thiab cov nyhuv magnetoelectric kom ua tiav cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Cov hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov transistors no muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv cov teb xws li optoelectronics thiab magnetism.

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