Yuav ua li cas yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv diodes hauv ophthalmic surgical instruments?

1, Optoelectronic hloov dua siab tshiab thiab lub zog tso zis: lub ntsiab ua hauj lwm mechanism ntawm diodes
Lub diode ua tiav photoelectric hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm PN kev sib tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor. Thaum tam sim no dhau mus, electrons thiab qhov recombine thiab tso tawm lub zog, emitting laser lub teeb ntawm ib tug wavelength nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm photons. Feem ntau siv diode laser hauv ophthalmic phais siv gallium aluminium arsenide (GaAlAs) ua cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, emitting wavelengths concentrated nyob ze -infrared range ntawm 780nm txog 850nm. Kev xaiv ntawm cov qhab no yog ua raws li ob qho txiaj ntsig thev naus laus zis:

High electro-optical conversion efficiency: Lub electro-optical conversion efficiency ntawm diode lasers muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 50%, uas yog ntau dua li argon ion lasers (kwv yees 10%) thiab Nd: YAG lasers (kwv yees li 30%). Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv tib lub zog input, diodes muaj peev xwm tso zis ntau zog density lasers kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev phais cov ntaub so ntswg txiav los yog solidification.
Cov qauv kev cog lus thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg: Lub diode laser tau txais cov khoom siv- lub xeev tsim thiab tsis tas yuav muaj cov cua txias sab nraud. Nws tsuas yog xav tau cua txias kom ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Piv txwv li, IRIS Oculight SLX system outputs laser los ntawm G-fiber sojntsuam, uas tsuas yog ib qho -peb qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv laser, ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam yooj yim nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab mob.
2, Kev xaiv wavelength thiab cov ntaub so ntswg nkag mus rau: tus yuam sij rau lub hom phiaj meej
Ophthalmic phais yuav tsum nruj heev xaiv ntawm laser wavelength, coj mus rau hauv tus account ob qho tib si nkag mus rau qhov tob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg nqus cov yam ntxwv. Lub 780nm-850nm wavelength ntau ntawm diode lasers nthuav tawm peb qhov zoo hauv kev kho mob:

Strong scleral penetration: Qhov wavelength laser no tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 35% ntawm cov tuab tuab (thib ob rau 1064nm Nd: YAG laser), tab sis qhov kev nqus ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsuas yog 6%, thaum qhov nqus ntawm ciliary pigment cov ntaub so ntswg yog siab li peb npaug ntawm Nd: YAG laser. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws nyiam lub teeb pom kev zoo rau transcranial ciliary lub cev photocoagulation (TSCPC) - laser zog tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub sclera ncaj qha mus rau cov txheej txheem ciliary, rhuav tshem cov pigment epithelial hlwb los ntawm thermal teebmeem, txo cov aqueous lom zem ntau lawm, thiab yog li qis intraocular siab.
Kev tiv thaiv Retinal: Tsis zoo li argon ion laser (488nm-514nm), uas tau yooj yim nqus los ntawm cornea thiab lo ntsiab muag thiab ua rau thermal puas, diode laser lub ze-infrared teeb tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov refractive interstitium thiab ua ncaj qha rau ntawm cov xim retinal epithelium txheej. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm retinopathy ntawm prematurity, 810nm laser yog tso tawm los ntawm ib tug indirect ophthalmoscope system nrog ib tug qhov chaw txoj kab uas hla ntawm 600 μ m thiab ib tug hwj chim ntawm 300-600mW, uas muaj peev xwm ua kom coagulate cov hlab ntsha txawv txav yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub paj hlwb.
Hemoglobin absorption peak matching: 810nm band nyob ze rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm hemoglobin (805nm), tso cai rau lub zog laser kom nqus tau zoo los ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab hloov mus rau hauv thermal zog los kaw cov hlab ntsha. Cov yam ntxwv no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib retinopathy - laser tuaj yeem xaiv coagulate to microaneurysms, thaum txo kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub qhov muag.
3, Lub koom haum kev sib cuam tshuam mechanism: sib npaug ntawm thermal thiab photochemical teebmeem
Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm diode laser thiab qhov muag cov ntaub so ntswg yog ua tiav los ntawm thermal teebmeem, thiab nws qhov tob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim yog ze ze rau lub zog ceev.

Thermal coagulation nyhuv: Thaum lub laser zog ceev mus txog rau cov ntaub so ntswg degeneration pib (kwv yees 2.7 J / point), cov txheej txheem ciliary pigment epithelial hlwb undergo coagulative necrosis, stromal txheej hlab ntsha yog occluded, thiab ciliary nqaij contraction muaj peev xwm txo. Piv txwv li, hauv TSCPC phais, siv lub laser nrog lub hwj chim ntawm 2.6W thiab lub sij hawm raug ntawm 1.5-2.5 vib nas this tuaj yeem tsim ib qho chaw coagulation nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 500 μ m hauv cov txheej txheem ciliary, txo qis intraocular siab los ntawm 30% -50%.
Photothermal tswj tshuab: Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dhau, cov tshuab diode laser niaj hnub siv hom mem tes thiab lub zog tawm tswv yim tswj. Piv txwv li, EOS 3000 system tsom lub laser beam los ntawm micro lens kom txo qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw, thaum kho lub zog tso zis los ntawm cov suab nrov ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg los xyuas kom meej tswj lub zog ceev ntawm txhua qhov condensation point nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nyab xeeb.
Photochemical effect pab: Nyob rau hauv qis zog ceev (<1J/point), diode laser can induce retinal pigment epithelial cells to release cytokines, promoting degeneration of diseased blood vessels. This mechanism has been applied in Subthreshold Diode Micropulse Photocoagulation (SDM), where the 810nm laser's micropulse mode (5% duty cycle) effectively controls macular edema while avoiding retinal scar formation.
4, Device Integration Design: Kev hloov pauv ntawm chav kuaj mus rau chaw kho mob
Qhov nrov ntawm diode laser hauv ophthalmic phais tsis tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab:

Fiber optic coupling thev naus laus zis: Kev xa cov laser los ntawm ib qho - hom lossis ntau - hom fiber ntau optic kom ua tiav cov kev soj ntsuam phais me me. Piv txwv li, URAME2 ophthalmic endoscopic system integrates ib tug intraocular sojntsuam nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.89mm thiab ib tug 810nm diode laser, uas muaj peev xwm ncaj qha ua photocoagulation ntawm retinal kua muag thaum lub sij hawm vitrectomy, nrog ib tug teb ntawm saib ntau yam ntawm 70℃thiab ib tug focal tob ntawm 0.5-7.0mm.
Kev taw qhia ntau hom duab duab: Niaj hnub nimno ophthalmic laser systems feem ntau koom ua ke OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) lossis dav -angle fundus imaging modules kom ua tiav -lub sijhawm thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov chaw laser thiab thaj chaw lesion. Piv txwv li, hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib retinopathy, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem nrhiav microaneurysms los ntawm OCT cov duab, thiab tom qab ntawd lub hom phiaj coagulation los ntawm diode lasers los tswj kev kho qhov yuam kev hauv 50 μ m.
Kev txawj ntse lub zog tswj qhov system: Lub zog kwv yees algorithms raws li cov ntaub ntawv loj tuaj yeem hloov kho laser tsis raws li tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob lub qhov muag cov ntaub so ntswg, xws li sclera thickness thiab cov ntsiab lus xim. Piv txwv li, ib qho qauv ntawm diode laser system soj ntsuam 100000 cov ntaub ntawv phais mob los ntawm kev kawm tshuab, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem hauv TSCPC phais los ntawm 19% mus rau 5%, thiab nce qhov kev ua tiav ntawm kev txo qis hauv lub cev mus rau 76%.
5, Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Kho Mob: Los ntawm Glaucoma mus rau Retinopathy
Kev kho mob glaucoma: Diode laser TSCPC tau dhau los ua tus qauv kev kho mob rau glaucoma refractory. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb ntau nrog 248 tus neeg mob tau pom tias TSCPC phais nrog 2.6W lub zog, 500 μ m qhov chaw, thiab 360℃irradiation tau ua tiav ntawm 70% hauv kev txo qis intraocular siab nyob rau hauv ib xyoos, thiab tsuas yog 3% ntawm cov neeg mob tau ntsib teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab intraocular siab, zoo dua li 5% kev kho tus nqi cryo .
Retinopathy ntawm cov menyuam mos ntxov ntxov: 810nm diode laser tso tawm los ntawm qhov tsis ncaj ophthalmoscope system tuaj yeem ua tau 360℃photocoagulation ntawm retina ntawm cov menyuam mos ntxov ntxov nrog theem 3 ntxiv rau qhov txhab. Cov ntaub ntawv kho mob qhia tau hais tias qhov kev kho mob no tuaj yeem ua rau 93% ntawm cov menyuam yaus raug mob rov qab, tsuas yog 2% muaj kev mob ntshav qab zib ua ntej retinal hemorrhage, zoo dua li cryotherapy (78% lesion regression rate thiab 12% retinal detachment rate).
Mob ntshav qab zib retinopathy: SDM thev naus laus zis tsim subclinical photocoagulation me ntsis hauv thaj av macular los ntawm micro pulse hom ntawm 810nm laser, zoo txo ​​cov macular edema yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev pom. Ib qho kev soj ntsuam randomized tau pom tias qhov pom kev txhim kho ntawm cov neeg mob hauv pab pawg kho mob SDM tau mus txog 65%, thaum pawg photocoagulation ib txwm muaj tsuas yog 40%.